Re statins and memory loss:
There are also, apparently, other studies that indicate that there is a link between cholesterol and Alzheimers, and that statins may help protect against Alzheimers. Any findings are, of course, very very preliminary.
<< In the past few years, researchers have found evidence suggesting that statins, drugs taken by millions of Americans to lower cholesterol levels, may also protect against Alzheimer's.
[...]
The first hints emerged about a decade ago, when Alzheimer's researchers noticed a link between apo E, a protein that carries cholesterol in the blood, and the disease. Everyone inherits one of three versions of apo E. But people with the variant called apo E4 had an increased risk of Alzheimer's, the researchers found. [...] In study after study, apo E4 predisposed people to Alzheimer's.
Then, a few years ago, Dr. Benjamin Wolozin, a professor of pharmacology at the Loyola University Medical School in Maywood, Ill., got what he thought was a brilliant idea. He was doing laboratory experiments, following up on a report that cholesterol changed the way beta amyloid, a protein thought to be the main contributor to plaque in the brains of Alzheimer's patients, was processed.
It was pure laboratory research.
"From a medical standpoint, it was irrelevant," he said.
Then Dr. Wolozin realized that a similar experiment was already under way. Millions of people were taking statins, which lowered cholesterol levels. Were they also less likely to develop Alzheimer's?
Excited, Dr. Wolozin examined the records of 56,790 patients at three hospitals. The results exceeded his wildest hopes. Those who were taking statins had a 70 percent reduction in the prevalence of Alzheimer's.
Two journals rejected his paper, saying that he needed to learn statistics and that his results had to be a fluke. But he had a feeling that they were correct. He submitted the paper to The Archives of Neurology, which published it in 2000.
A few months later, Dr. Hershel Jick of the Boston University School of Medicine and his colleagues reported in The Lancet that they had compared 284 patients with Alzheimer's to 1,080 people with no dementia. In the patients who had taken statins, the scientists found, the risk of Alzheimer's was reduced by 70 percent.
Two other groups reproduced the observations. Other researchers found that statins protected genetically engineered mice that normally developed brain changes like those found in Alzheimer's.
The next step was to give statins to Alzheimer's patients and see whether the drugs affected the course of the disease.
But, Dr. Wolozin said, "the typical Alzheimer's thing happened ? the data were mixed."
Despite the ambiguous findings, cholesterol does appear to be related to Alzheimer's, experts say. Several genes involved with cholesterol in addition to apo E4 also appear to affect the risk for Alzheimer's. Cholesterol, in fact, is so important to the brain, where it is used in nerve cell membranes, that the organ makes its own cholesterol independent of the liver, which produces the substance for the rest of the body.>>
The complete article is at
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/13/health/13PREV.html?pagewanted=1